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PROJECT TOPIC:  WRECKS DETECTION SURVEY FOR SAFE NAVIGATION ON ESCRAVOS RIVER CHANNEL, DELTA STATE NIGERIA.
Department:  Geography
AMOUNT:  30,000
FORMAT:   MS WORD
PAGES:  80
 
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ABSTRACT

 

Nigerian waterways and river channels provide routes for sea transportation which among other issues also sustain economic growth. This research work aims at detecting wrecks on a section of Escravos River Channel for Safe Navigation. Acoustic technique was used and data obtained from the Echo Sounder in conjunction with the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPD) provided information about the water depth. The Sidescan Sonar scanned the seabed for wrecks deposits while the magnetometer detected those wrecks that area metallic in nature. The Sub-Bottom Profiler was used to detect wrecks 30m below the seabed and the EIVA SUITE navigational software was used to interface all the equipment for simultaneous data acquisition. Furthermore the EIVA SUITE was used to process the data from the equipment and produced a chart showing river depth ranging from 0.7m to 25.8m also noticeable are wrecks scattered along the river channel. However, Deepview software was used to offset the dimensions of the wrecks. A scattered diagram was used to show the displacement of the wrecks, a bar chart was used to show number of wrecks detected within 100m interval while Surfer 9.0 software was used to generate a digital terrain model. The study shows more wrecks within the sourthen part than the northern part of the river and also a gentle slow from the southern part to the northern part of the river indicting that the northern part is deeper. Also noticeable is the consistency of a metallic material suspected to be pipeline.

 

		TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page			i
Abstract			ii
Declaration			iii
Certification			iv
Acknowledgement			v
Dedication			vi
Table of Content			vii
List of Tables			viii
List of Figures			ix
CHAPTER ONE:		INTRODUCTION
1.0	Background of the study		1
1.1	The Study Area		4
1.2	Statement of the Problem		5
1.3	Aim of the Study		6
1.3.1	Objectives of the Study		6
1.4	Research Question		6
1.5	Significance of the Study		7
CHAPTER TWO:		LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0	Conceptual Framework		8
2.1	Optical Sensors		9
2.2	Acoustic Sensors		11
2.2.1	Side Scan Sonar		12
2.2.2	Sub-Bottom Profiler		13
2.2.3	Magnetometer		14
2.3	Tide		15
2.4	Literature Review		15
2.5	Research Gap		19
CHAPTER THREE:		METHODOLOGY
3.0	Introduction		20
3.1	Research Purpose		20
3.1.1	Research Approach		20
3.1.2	Research Strategy		20
3.2	Justification of the Methodology		22
3.3	Pre-Survey Activities		22
3.3.1	Bar Check		23
3.3.2	Patch Test		24
		7

3.3.3	DGPS Test & Gyro Calibration		29
3.3.4	Rub/Wet Test		32
3.3.5	Magnetometer Test on-Board		32
3.3.6	Two Peg Test		32
3.4	Heave Compensator		34
3.5	Data Acquisition		34
3.5.1	Vessel Offset & Geodetic Parameters		35
3.5.2	Survey Transect Line Definition		37
3.5.3	Establishment of Tide Gauge		39
3.5.4	Bathymetric Survey		39
3.6	Seabed Imaging		42
3.7	Metallic Material Detection		43
3.8	Sub-Bottom Profiler		44
3.9	Data Processing & QA/QC Protocols		45
3.9.1	Bathymetric Data Processing		45
3.9.2	Wreck Dimension Processing		46
CHAPTER FOUR:		RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1	Bathymetric Survey Results		47
4.2	Side Scan Sonar Results		50
4.3	Magnetometer Survey Results		51
4.4	Sub-Bottom Profiler Results		52
4.5	Wreck Dimension Results		53
4.6	Digital Terrain Modelling		54
4.7	Discussion		55
CHAPTER FIVE:		CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1	Conclusion		57
5.2	Recommendation		57
5.3	Contribution to Knowledge		58
REFERENCES			61
APPENDICES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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