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PROJECT TOPIC:  THE RELEASE OF CRUDE WASTEWATERS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT
Department:  Enveronmental science
AMOUNT:  10,000
FORMAT:   MS WORD
PAGES:  94
 
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THE RELEASE OF CRUDE WASTEWATERS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.3.1 AIM OF THE STUDY

1.3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4 HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 HEAVY METALS

2.2 WASTEWATERS

2.3 METHODS USED FOR THE REMEDIATION OF HEAVYMETALS FROM WASTEWATER

2.3.1 CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION

2.3.2 ION EXCHANGE

2.4 APPLICATION OF LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTIONN TECHNIQUE FOR THE EXTRACTIONN OF METALS

2.5 “QUERCETIN RICH” ROSE AS A POTENTIAL LOW COST METAL CHELATOR

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS                                   

3.1 EQUIPMENT

3.2 REAGENTS

3.3 RED ONIONSKINS COLLECTION AND PRE-TREATMENT        

3.4 PREPARATION OF RED ONIONSKIN EXTRACTS

3.5 EFFECT OF THE VOLUME OF THE SOLVENT, PERCENTAGE OF ACETONE AND RED ONION PARTICLE SIZE ON THE EXTRACTIONN YIELD

3.6 MODIFICATION OF ROSE

3.6.1 PREPARATION OF DIAZONIUM SALTS

3.6.2 PREPARATION OF 10% NAOH SOLUTION AND BASIC SOLUTION OF ROSE

3.6.3 PREPARATION OF AMROSE, ABMROSE, APMROSE

3.7 MELTING POINT ANALYSIS OF UROSE, AMROSE, APMROSE AND ABMROSE

3.8 PREPARATION OF CU^2+, ZN^2+. NI²⁺ AND CO²⁺ STOCK SOLUTIONS

3.9 PREPARATION OF UROSE, AMROSE AND APMROSE LIGAND SOLUTION

3.10 EXTRACTION OF HEAVYMETALS AT DIFFERENT PH

3.11. EXTRACTION OF HEAVYMETALS AT DIFFERENT AGITATION TIME

3.12 EXTRACTIONN OF HEAVYMETALS AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF THE METAL ION

3.13 EXTRACTIONN OF HEAVYMETALS AT DIFFERENT LIGAND CONCENTRATION

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 

4.1 RESULTS

4.2 DISCUSSIONS

4.2.1 DIAZOTIZATION OF AROMATIC AMINES AND COUPLING WITH QUERCETIN RICH ROSE

4.2.2 EFFECT OF SOLVENT VOLUME, PERCENTAGE OF ACETONE AND ROS PARTICLE SIZE ON THE EXTRACTION YIELD OF “QUERCETIN RICH” ROS.

4.2.3 MELTING POINT OF UROSE, AMROSE, APMROSE AND ABMROSE

4.2.4 FTIR SPECTRA OF UROSE, P-Q, AMROSE, APMROSE AND ABMROSE

4.2.5 EFFECT OF THE ETHYL ACETATE SOLVENT ON THE PERCENT EXTRACTION OF IONS

4.2.6 EFFECT OF PH ON THE EXTRACTION OF USING UROSE, AMROSE AND APMROSE

4.2.7 EFFECT OF AGITATION TIME ON THE EXTRACTION OF   USING UROSE, AMROSE AND APMROSE

4.2.8 EFFECT OF LIGAND (UROSE, AMROSE AND APMROSE) CONCENTRATION ON THE EXTRACTIONN OF

4.2.9 EFFECT OF INITIAL CONCENTRATION OF ON THE % EXTRACTIONN

4.2.10 SLOPE ANALYSIS FOR THE EXTRACTIONN OF  USING UROSE, AMROSE AND APMROSE

4.2.11 SLOPE ANALYSIS FOR THE EXTRACTIONN OF  USING UROSE, AMROSE AND APMROSE

4.2.12 SLOPE ANALYSIS FOR THE EXTRACTIONN OF USING UROSE, AMROSE AND APMROSE

4.2.13 SLOPE ANALYSIS FOR THE EXTRACTIONN OF USING UROSE, AMROSE AND APMROSE

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

5.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

5.2RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

5.3CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

 

 

 

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