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PROJECT TOPIC: IMPROVEMENT OF BEARING CAPACITY OF SANDY SOIL BY GROUTING
Department: Civil Engineering
AMOUNT: 20000
FORMAT: MS WORD
PAGES: 101
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Abstract
The constructional activities in some particular areas often demand deep foundations because of the poor engineering properties and the related problems arising from weak soil at shallow depths. The very low bearing capacity of the foundation bed causes shear failure and excessive settlements. Further, the high water table and limited depth of the top sandy layer in these areas restrict the depth of foundation thereby further reducing the safe bearing capacity. This paper discusses grouting as one of the possible solutions to the foundation problems by improving the properties of soil at shallow depths by using sodium silicate. This project work is on improvement of bearing capacity of sandy soil by grouting. The sample was collected along East-west road and subjected to various tests such as Compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Atterberg Limit Test, Liquid Test, Plastic Limit Test, and Sieve Analysis Test. In relation to the subject matter, view of some scholars and authors were reviewed and the data collected which are presented and analyzed accordingly.Based on this experimental investigation made on sandy and grouted soil was concluded as, it can be seen that grouted soil has good liquid limit, plastic limit, compaction and bearing ratio are high when compared to ordinary sandy soil. The cost of sodium silicate is low when compared to other grouting materials; it has property to rise the normal properties of soil in effective manner..
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION- - - - - - - - - II
DEDICATION- - - - - - - - - III
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS- - - - - - - - IV
ABSTRACT- - - - - - - - - - VI
TABLE OF CONTENT- - - - - - - - VII
LIST OF TABLES- - - - - - - - - IX
LIST OF FIGURES- - - - - - - - - X
LIST OF ALGORITHM - - - - - - - - XI
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY - - - - - - 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM - - - - - - 4
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY - - - - - - 5
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS - - - - - - - 6
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY - - - - - 7
1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY - - - - - - - 7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 IMPROVEMENT THEORY- - - - - - - 8
2.2 CONCEPT OF GROUTING - - - - - - 9
2.2.1 DESIGN OF GROUTING - - - - - - - 10
2.2.2 COMPILATION- - - - - - - - 11
2.2.3 ASSESSMENT- - - - - - - 11
2.3 DIFFERENT GROUTING TECHNIQUES - - - - 12
2.4 GROUTING MATERIALS - - - - - - 19
2.5 SHEAR STRENGTH OF GROUTED SOILS - - - - 27
2.6 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH - - - - - - 30
2.7 PERMEABILITY STUDIES ON GROUTED SANDY SOILS - - 32
2.8 REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES - - - - - 33
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 MATERIALS USED - - - - - - - 40
3.2 EXPERIMENTAL SET UP- - - - - - - 40
CHAPTER FOUR: DATAPRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 DATA PRESENTATION - - - - - - - 44
4.2 DATA ANALYSIS - - - - - - - - 44
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS - - - - - - 50
5.2 CONCLUSION- - - - - - - - 52
5.3 RECOMMENDATION- - - - - - - 52
REFERENCES- - - - - - - - 54
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1Properties of the Cement - - - - - - 42
Table 3.2: Additives used in the present study.- - - - - 42
Table 3.3: Characteristics of the sand used - - - - - - 43
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Compacting grouting implementation (Orense, 2008)- - - 14
Figure 2.2: schematic showing process of permeation grouting (Raju & Valluri, 2010).- - - - - - - - - - - 16
Fig. 2.3. Jet grouting method (Plescan & Rotaru, 2010) - - - - 17
Fig 4.1: shows the effect of initial water content of the grout on the shear strength for a cement content of 4%. It can be seen that the shear strength increases - - 44
Fig 4.2: Stress-strain curves for treated medium sand for different cement contents. 37
Fig. 4.3 effect of sodium silicate on shear strength of treated medium sand.- 46
Fig. 4.4 Effect of tartaric acid on shear strength of treated medium sand - - 47
Fig. 4.5: Effect of aluminum sulphate on shear strength of treated medium sand 48
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